Glossary
30 definitions covering vote services, contest mechanics, captcha types, and platform-specific terminology.
A
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Account aging
Account aging is the practice of creating and maintaining user accounts for a period of time before they are used to cast votes, so that each account presents an activity history consistent with a genuine long-term user rather than a freshly registered profile.
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Arkose FunCaptcha
Arkose FunCaptcha (now marketed as Arkose MatchKey) is an enterprise bot-mitigation system by Arkose Labs that presents interactive 3D puzzle challenges designed to be trivial for humans but computationally expensive and time-consuming for automated solvers.
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ASN diversity
ASN diversity is the practice of distributing internet traffic across multiple Autonomous System Numbers — the identifiers assigned by regional registries to distinct network operators — so that no single ISP or carrier contributes a disproportionate share of requests in a given session.
B
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Brand giveaway
A brand giveaway is a marketing promotion in which a company distributes products, services, or monetary prizes to participants at no cost, typically in exchange for social engagement actions such as following, sharing, or tagging, with the primary goal of building brand awareness and growing an audience.
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Browser fingerprint
A browser fingerprint is a unique identifier derived from a combination of browser attributes — such as user-agent string, installed fonts, canvas rendering output, and hardware concurrency — that can track or re-identify a user across sessions without cookies.
C
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Captcha-protected vote
A captcha-protected vote is a contest or poll submission that requires the voter to pass a Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) challenge — such as reCAPTCHA v2, reCAPTCHA v3, hCaptcha, Cloudflare Turnstile, or Arkose Labs — before the vote is registered, with the challenge serving as a human-verification gate that filters out automated submission tools. CAPTCHA layers are typically combined with IP deduplication or email confirmation, not used as a standalone deduplication mechanism.
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Cloudflare Turnstile
Cloudflare Turnstile is a free, privacy-preserving CAPTCHA alternative that uses non-intrusive browser-level attestation and challenge passes to verify human visitors without displaying visual puzzles or tracking users across sites.
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Contest vote
A contest vote is a deliberate submission cast by a participant in a structured competitive event — distinct from a casual opinion poll — where accumulated votes determine a ranked outcome with tangible stakes such as prizes, recognition, funding, or advancement. Contest votes are subject to platform-specific eligibility rules, deduplication enforcement, and anti-manipulation controls that vary significantly across hosting environments.
E
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E-E-A-T
E-E-A-T (Experience, Expertise, Authoritativeness, Trustworthiness) is the framework Google's Quality Raters use to evaluate whether a piece of web content was created by someone with genuine first-hand experience and documented expertise, and whether the publishing site has earned authoritative status and user trust.
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Email confirmation vote
An email confirmation vote is a contest submission that is placed in a pending state at the time of clicking and only recorded as valid once the voter clicks a unique single-use link sent to the email address they provided, with the platform using the confirmed email address — rather than the IP address alone — as the primary deduplication key. This two-step process ties each vote to a real, accessible mailbox and significantly raises the cost of manipulation compared to IP-only voting systems.
F
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Facebook
Facebook is a social networking platform operated by Meta Platforms that allows individuals and organizations to create profiles, share content, and interact through posts, reactions, comments, and built-in polling features used widely for consumer contests and brand campaigns.
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Fan vote
A fan vote is a public audience-participation mechanism used in entertainment, sports, and brand competitions in which registered fans or general consumers cast votes to influence outcomes such as award winners, all-star team selections, or content releases, giving audiences a direct stake in results.
H
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hCaptcha
hCaptcha is a privacy-focused CAPTCHA service developed by Intuition Machines that presents image-classification challenges to verify human users while offering website operators a revenue share for the labeled data generated.
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Helpful Content Update
Google's Helpful Content Update (HCU) is a site-wide ranking signal, first rolled out in August 2022 and consolidated into Google's core ranking systems in March 2024, that demotes websites where a substantial proportion of content appears to be written primarily for search engines rather than to satisfy a real human information need.
I
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Instagram
Instagram is a visual social media platform owned by Meta Platforms that centers on photo and video sharing, and offers interactive Story stickers — including poll, quiz, and emoji-slider formats — that are widely used to run audience votes and brand contests.
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IP vote
An IP vote is a contest or poll submission that is accepted and deduplicated based solely on the voter's IP address, with the platform permitting one vote per unique IP address per contest window and requiring no account authentication, email confirmation, or CAPTCHA challenge as a condition of acceptance. IP votes are the simplest and highest-velocity vote type, making them the most accessible entry point for contest participants and the most commonly purchased type in vote acquisition campaigns.
P
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Photo contest
A photo contest is a skill-based promotional competition in which participants submit original images judged on creativity, relevance, or audience votes, with winners determined by a panel of experts, public polling, or a combination of both, and prizes awarded by the sponsoring brand or organization.
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Poll vote
A poll vote is a single recorded response submitted by a participant in an online survey or popularity contest, where the platform tallies each unique submission to determine a winner or measure opinion. Poll votes are the fundamental unit of online contest participation and may be gated by IP address, email confirmation, account authentication, or CAPTCHA verification depending on the platform's anti-fraud design.
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Popularity vote
A popularity vote is a contest-scoring mechanism in which the winner is determined solely or primarily by the total number of votes, likes, or endorsements accumulated from a public audience, rather than by expert judgment or objective criteria.
R
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reCAPTCHA
reCAPTCHA is a free CAPTCHA service operated by Google that uses risk-analysis algorithms and, in its latest versions, entirely invisible behavioral signals to distinguish human users from automated bots.
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Residential IP
A residential IP address is an internet protocol address allocated by a consumer ISP or mobile carrier to a real household or mobile device, as opposed to an address registered to a data centre or commercial hosting provider.
T
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Telegram
Telegram is a cloud-based instant messaging platform that offers native poll and quiz functionality built directly into its channel and group chat formats, making it a primary contest venue for crypto communities, CIS-region brands, and large public-broadcast channels.
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Twitter / X
Twitter, rebranded as X in 2023 under owner Elon Musk, is a real-time microblogging and social networking platform whose native poll feature supports up to four answer options and durations from five minutes to seven days, making it a widely used tool for brand surveys, fan-choice contests, and community preference polls.
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Two-factor authentication (2FA)
Two-factor authentication (2FA) is a security protocol that requires users to verify their identity using two independent credentials from different categories — typically something they know (a password) and something they possess (a one-time code delivered to a phone or authenticator app) — before access or a privileged action is granted.